1. Which specialist should I see if I have symptoms of menopause?

You should see a Gynaecologist.

2. What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

HRT refers to the use of prescription drugs to "replace" the hormones that the ovaries quit making at the time of menopause. For many years, to relieve the symptoms of menopause, health care providers prescribed estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Research showed that adding progestin, the artificial form of the hormone progesterone, prevented the overgrowth of cells in the uterus (called hyperplasia) which dramatically reduces the risk of endometrial cancer. Women who do not have a uterus can take ERT alone. ERT usually is taken by pill or skin patch. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) refers to a combination of hormones used to treat menopausal symptoms, usually estrogen with progestin.

3. What are the body changes involved in menopause?

We know that menopause marks the end of the time in life when you can become pregnant, but it can also represent a new beginning - a time to focus on yourself and your needs. The first step is to learn all you can about the physical and emotional changes that may be ahead for you. In perimenopause, or the transition period to menopause, the production of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone begin to fluctuate, causing a variety of symptoms, including hot flashes and mood swings. During this time, a woman may or may not have a period. These changes can begin as early as age 35 or as late as 59. In younger women who are having menopausal symptoms, and in women who have had a hysterectomy but still have one or both of their ovaries, a blood test called an FSH level, or follicle stimulating hormone level may be useful to confirm menopause. If you have your ovaries removed or undergo some cancer treatments, you may experience rapid onset of menopause, and may need special management of your symptoms. Menopause starts when the estrogen production falls permanently to very low levels and menstrual periods stop for good.

4. What are some practical things women can do to help deal with menopause?

There are things you can do to help relieve some menopausal symptoms. Vaginal Dryness - There are also prescription estrogen and replacement creams that a doctor may recommend to help relieve vaginal dryness and painful intercourse. Difficulty Sleeping - One of the best ways to get a good night's sleep is to participate in regular exercise - such as walking 30 minutes a day. However, avoid vigorous exercise too close to bedtime. Also avoid alcohol, caffeine, large meals, and working right before bedtime. Many women find that they sleep better after drinking something warm, such as herb tea or a glass of warm milk.

5. What other steps can women take to help prevent osteoporosis and heart disease during menopause?

Besides taking HRT, women can help prevent osteoporosis and heart disease by making sure they get enough calcium, doing regular weight-bearing exercises, and eating a low-fat balanced diet. Other healthy behaviors to prevent disease include stopping smoking and drinking alcohol only in moderation.