Kala azar is highly suspected to be prevalent in NAGALAND, INDIA in both forms; Cutaneous and Visceral; Lack of Diagnostic Kits and knowledge of those Doctors at Kohima and Dimapur where most patients come for treatment is a problem.Most of them are ignorant of Kala azar. The State NVBDCP needs to gear up its resources for case detection. Few cases are suspected to be having Cutaneous Leishmaniasis,Few or one was recently confirmed of VL other forms cannot be ruled out. Kala azar is the 5th/6th most fatal parasitic disease.Experienced Doctors need be posted at State run major hospitals under HFW with a purpose to identify,diagnose and treat these fatal vector borne disease.They can be trained later in the process in ADVANCED Degree or DIPLOMA courses and also in TROPICAL medicine particularly Doctors with Public Health background like; DPH,DMCW these are time tested courses relevent in the present context, they are newly regulated as well- i.e. advantage, Nagaland.One thing is for sure there is KALA AZAR cases in Nagaland.