The term neurotheology was actually coined by the famous author Aldous Huxley. In his essay The Doors of Perception he states that religious experience can be naturally induced by fasting. In terms of evolutionary psychology in may make sense for human beings to undergo a state change in order to adopt strategies more conducive to an austere environment. Such strategies would include more cooperative behaviors and the adoption of a heirarchical social order. This could be the reason that fasting is part of all major world religions.

Of course Aldous Huxley advocated the use of entheogens for religious purposes. He believed that these brought all the benefits of a complete religious experience without the harm that can be caused to the body due to fasting. It is interesting to note that there is a entheogenic religion called Matrixism based in part on the writings of Aldous Huxley.