Many nutrient contents like sugar, amino acid, water-soluble vitamin etc. will be lost during the long-term dialysis. And these nutrient contents also can’t be supplemented sufficiently. So the malnutrition of protein-heat and lack of vitamins is easy to occur. In addition, the poor dialysis membrane biocompatibility also can make body generate and release various of cell factors, which can reduce the immune function. And vascular access and extracorporal circulation also may increase the chance of infection.

Respiratory tract, digestive tract and urinary system are constantly involved in infection. and the vascular access infection is likely to cause ichorrhemia. The infection probability of hepatitis C virus is also quite high.